Phenotypic diversity and performance of local naked-neck chickens in the traditional production system of Burkina Faso
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.64707/revstsna.v45i01.2312Keywords:
Local chicken, naked-neck, Na gene, phenotypic diversity, morphometric traits, Burkina FasoAbstract
The local naked-neck chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) carrying the Na (naked-
neck) gene represents a genetic resource of major interest for traditional poultry
production in tropical regions. This incompletely dominant autosomal gene results in
a partial reduction of neck feathering, thereby enhancing heat dissipation and
tolerance to heat stress. This study aimed to characterize the production systems,
phenotypic diversity, and productive performance of this morphotype under different
agroecological conditions in Burkina Faso. The study was conducted in the Sudanian
and Sudano-Sahelian zones. Data were collected from 61 farmers engaged in village
poultry production. The results showed that naked-neck chicken production was
predominantly based on free-range scavenging supplemented with additional feed.
Average flock size remained low, with 6.49 birds per farm. The mean age at first lay
was 5 months, with an average of three laying cycles per year and 11 eggs per laying
cycle. High phenotypic diversity was observed, characterized mainly by white and
ermine plumage, a red single comb, and reddish-orange eyes. Morphobiometric
analysis showed that naked-neck chickens had greater tarsus length than normally
feathered chickens (8.36 ± 0.12 cm vs. 6.02 ± 0.21 cm). Linear discriminant analysis
correctly classified 95.6% of naked-neck and 91.7% of normally feathered chickens.
Although some qualitative and quantitative traits varied across agroecological zones,
morphotype remained the main factor underlying the observed differentiation. The
sustainable utilization of this morphotype through in situ conservation and
participatory breeding strategies could strengthen the long-term resilience of
traditional poultry production systems in Burkina Faso.
References
Abdelqader, A., Wollny, C.B.A., Gauly, M., 2007. Characterization of local chicken production systems and their potential under scavenging conditions in Jordan. Tropical Animal Health and Production, 39 (3), 155-164.
Bordas, A. et Mérat, P., 1980. Influence of the naked neck gene on growth and carcass composition of broilers. Annales de Génétique et de Sélection Animale, 12 (2), 101-110.
Bouzid, I.S., 2021. Les qualités physico-chimiques des œufs et de la viande de poules locales race cou nu. Thèse, Université Abdelhamid Ibn Badis de Mostaganem, Algérie, 186 p.
Daikwo, I.S., Dim, N.I., Momoh, M.O., 2015. Principal component analysis of morphological traits in Nigerian indigenous chickens. Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science, 8 (5), 27-30.
Dana, N., Dessie, T., Van Der Waaij, L.H., Van Arendonk, J.A.M., 2010. Morphological characterization of indigenous chickens. Animal Genetic Resources, 46, 11-23.
Desta, T. T., 2021.The genetic basis and robustness of naked neck mutation in chicken. Tropical Animal Health and Production, 53(1), 95. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-020-02505-1.
FAO, 2018. Rapport d'étude sur la caractérisation de l'aviculture familiale au Burkina Faso. Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture, Rome.
Fathi, M.M., Al-Homidan, I., Ebeid, T.A., 2021. Effect of the naked neck gene on carcass traits, blood parameters and immune response in chickens under hot climate. Poultry Science, 100 (4), 101072.
Fernandes, E., Raymundo, A., Martins, L.L., Lordelo, M., De Almeida, A.M., 2023. The naked neck gene in the domestic chicken: a genetic strategy to mitigate the impact of heat stress in poultry production. Animals, 13 (6), 1007.
Gueye, E.F., 2005. Village poultry production systems in developing countries. World's Poultry Science Journal, 61 (1), 39-46.
Johne, S., Mpenda, Z.T., Okeno, T.O., 2015. Genetic diversity and population structure of indigenous chickens in Nigeria using microsatellite markers. Tropical Animal Health and Production, 47 (1), 59-65.
Kondombo, S.R., Kwakkel, R.P., Nianogo, A.J., Slingerland, M., 2003. Effects of local feedstuff supplementation on zootechnic performances and nutritional status of village chickens during the end of the rainy season in Burkina Faso. Rev. Elev. 563–574.
Loukou, N.É., Yapi-Gnaore, C.V., Touré, G., Coulibaly, Y., Youssao, I., 2020. Diversité phénotypique des poulets locaux dans les zones forestières de Côte d'Ivoire. Agronomie Africaine, 32 (1), 45-58.
Moula, N., Antoine-Moussiaux, N., Farnir, F., Detilleux, J., Leroy, P., 2009. Réhabilitation socioéconomique d'une poule locale en voie d'extinction, la poule Kabyle. Annales de Médecine Vétérinaire, 153, 178-186.
MRAH/DGESS, 2019. Annuaire statistique de l'élevage 2018. Ministère des Ressources Animales et Halieutiques, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, 175 p.
Pilabre, E.A.W., 2021. Etude de la diversité et de la structure génétiques de la poule locale du Burkina Faso. Mémoire, Université Saint Thomas D’Aquin, Saaba, Burkina Faso, 72p.
Pinde, S., Tapsoba, A.S.R., Traoré, F.G., Ouédraogo, R.W., Ba, S., Sanou, M., Traoré, A., Tamboura, H.H., Simporé, J., 2020. Morpho-biometric profiles of local chickens from Burkina Faso. International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences, 14 (6), 2240-2256.
Rajkumar, U., Haunshi, S., Paswan, C., Padhi, M. K., Rama, Rao, S. V., Raju, M. V. L. N., and Chatterjee, R. N., 2021. Indigenous chicken germplasm: adaptation, production performance and future breeding strategies. World's Poultry Science Journal, 77(3), 589–609. https://doi.org/10.1080/00439339.2021.1922242.
Tapsoba, A. S. R., Bandé, A., Traoré, F.G., Pilabre, E.A.W., Sawadogo, S.E., Ouédraogo, R. W., Yougbaré, B., Ouoba, B. L., Sanou, M., Bayala, B. and Traoré, A., 2024. Characterization and typology of local poultry production systems in central region of Burkina Faso. International Journal of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, 9(1), 11-20.
Tona, K., Oke, O.E., Meteyake, H., Nideou, D., Azando, E.V.B., Onagbesan, O.M., 2023. Naked neck gene and intermittent thermal manipulations improve thermotolerance in slow-growing chickens under tropical climates. Poultry Science, 102 (10), 102965.
Yakubu, A., Salako, A. E., and Ige, A. O., 2022. Morphological characterization and diversity of indigenous chickens under traditional production systems in sub-Saharan Africa. World's Poultry Science Journal, 78(4), 1025–1043.
Yapi-Gnaore, C.V., Loukou, N.É., N'guetta, A.S.P., Kayang, B., Rognon, X., Tixier-Boichard, M., Youssao, I., 2022. Phenotypic characterization of local chickens in West Africa. Poultry Science, 1 (4), 18.
Zare, Y., Gnanda, B.I., Houaga, I., Kere, M., Traore, B., Zongo, M., Bamouni, S., Traore, P.A., Zangre, M., Rekaya, R., Nianogo, A.J., 2021. Morpho-Biometric Evaluation of the Genetic Diversity of Local Chicken Ecotypes in Four Regions (Centre-East, Sahel, Centre-North and South-West) of Burkina Faso. International Journal of Poultry Science, 20(6), 231–42. https://doi.org/10.3923/ijps.2021.231.242.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
