Death risk factors in pulmonary tuberculosis infected patients at Yalgado Ouedraogo Teaching University hospital of Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso: a case control study

Abstract

Tuberculosis (TB) remains one of the communicable diseases with important death toll in the world.
henceforward, it figures along with hiV among the main causes of deaths from infectious diseases in the
world. according to the 2015 report of who the number of new cases of Tuberculosis (9.6 million) is higher
than the previous years including 6 million (63%) that were notified, and 1.5 million deaths recorded. Previous
research results showed differences in terms of the burden disease, the contributing role of hiV in both the
acquisition and death from TB, and the important role of the socio-economic status in the occurrence of
cases of deaths. Very few studies have investigated death risk factors in TB infected patients following the
large availability of antiretroviral treatment (aRT) in poor resource settings. our study aims to identify
risk factors for deaths from TB in the context of availability of aRT in Burkina Faso. a case-control study
was conducted in ouagadougou’s main university Teaching hospital. we reviewed charts and in-patient
registries for the period 2011-2015. in total of 54 deaths among TB infected patients were found and included
in the study. This death case group was compared to a control group formed by an equal number of TB
infected patients that were hospitalized in the same hospital during the same period with the cases and that
were discharged alive from the hospital. death risk factors were identified using a binary logistic regression
in Stata Version 13.1 software. Multivariate analysis identified the following risk factors: (i) sex,
with higher odds in males (aoR = 3.81; p = 0.04), (ii) the absence of BCg vaccination (aoR = 15.34; p =
0.03), (iii) the co-infection by hiV (aoR = 9.04; p = 0.002), (iv) the presence of other comorbidities (aoR
= 19.99; p = 0.000) and (v) anorexia (aoR = 8, 14; p = 0.000). our study showed that the co-infection by
hiV remains a significant risk factor for death in TB infected patients despite the relative availability of
aRTs. Vaccination against TB showed also a significant protective effect against death.