Etiology and evolution of pregnancy-induced acute renal failure in a context of resource limitation: 32 patients' records analysis in Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso)

Abstract

The purpose of this work on pregnancy-related acute renal failure (PRARF) was to know its short-tenn evolution, main etiological factors and the maternal-fetal become in the Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics (DGO) of Yalgado Ouédraogo University Hospital (YO-UH). We analyzed DGO patients' records of the period 1^th October to 31 December 2012. Were included those with acute renal failure occurred during the course of pregnancy, the waning of an abortion or in the postpartum period. Sociodemographic, clinical and laboratory variables were analyzed. PRARF was observed in 32 patients or 6. l % of patients who had a serum creatinine. Their average age was 28. l ± 6.6 years, that of creatinine

429.9 ± 227.5 µmol/L. The main suspected cause of PRARF was hypertension (24 cases or 75 %, including 19 cases of preeclampsia or 62.4 %). Twenty-six patients (8 l .3 %) had normalized or improved renal function. One patient died (3. 1 %). Complications were observed in 21 of 27 fetuses (77.8 %). The con­ text of fetal complication was preeclampsia in 18 cases of 21 (85.7 %). PRARF is common on YO-UH. The rate of fetal morbidity and mortality is very high and often associated with preeclampsia. Preventing it would contribute significantly to reducing the incidence of PRARF and its matemal-fetal complications in Burkina Faso.