Strategies nutritionnelles pour la réduction des émissions de méthane entérique chez les ruminants en zone tropicale
synthèse bibliographique
DOI :
https://doi.org/10.64707/revstsna.v44i2.1913Mots-clés :
Ruminants, Méthane entérique, Stratégies nutritionnelles,, Zone tropicale, Qualité du fourrageRésumé
L'élevage de ruminants en zone tropicale, crucial pour la sécurité alimentaire et la création de moyens de subsistance, est confronté au double défi d'augmenter la productivité tout en réduisant son impact environnemental, notamment les émissions de méthane entérique. La présente synthèse bibliographique fait un état des lieux des principales stratégies nutritionnelles en vigueur pour réduire les émissions de méthane entérique chez les ruminants en zone tropicale. Les investigations montrent que plusieurs stratégies nutritionnelles dont les suivantes peuvent significativement atténuer ces émissions : (i) l’amélioration de la qualité du fourrage (ii) la valorisation des métabolites secondaires naturels, particulièrement les tanins condensés (iii) l’augmentation des concentrés (iv) l’utilisation du biochar (v) l’incorporation d’insectes (vi) l’utilisation de fourrage hydroponique (vii) l’utilisation de rations équilibrées. Bien que ces stratégies aient offert des solutions accessibles et adaptables aux réalités tropicales, leur mise en œuvre à grande échelle est freinée par des contraintes telles que le coût des concentrés, la compétition alimentaire, la durabilité de l'exploitation des ressources ligneuses, et le risque d’adaptation microbienne à long terme. La recherche future doit se concentrer sur la caractérisation génomique du microbiote local, l’étude des synergies entre stratégies, et l’analyse de l’impact économique pour les producteurs.
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