Morphological characterization of Burkina Faso local pig

Abstract

In this study, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of indigenous pig populations in Burkina Faso's
Central region, with the aim of understanding their morphological and qualitative characteristics, genetic
diversity, and implications for local pig farming. We employed a variety of methods, including
morphometric measurements, principal component analysis (PCA), hierarchical clustering, and linear
discriminant analysis, to investigate these aspects. Our findings revealed significant sexual dimorphism
among the pigs, with females generally displaying broader thoracic perimeter. Moreover, there was
substantial morphological diversity among pigs from different localities, suggesting likely adaptations to
specific environmental conditions and breeding practices. Through PCA, we highlighted the complex
interplay of morphometric traits contributing to this diversity. Hierarchical clustering anal ysis categorized
the pig population into three distinct clusters, each associated with unique morphological traits and
geographic origins, hinting at the presence of different genetic types or breeding practices. However, linear
discriminant analysis indicated that gene flow and exchange among communities play a significant role in
shaping the population. Qualitative traits such as coat color, tusks, coat patterns, and others underscored the
diversity within the pig population. Notably, a shift in coat color distribution was observed, potentially due
to crossbreeding with exotic pig breeds.