Cardiovascular diseases and HIV infection in teaching hospital setting in Burkina Faso : epidemiological, clinical and progressive profile, and implications for public health

Abstract

Acquired immunodeficiency Syndrome (aidS) is one of most deadly epidemics in mankind history. The
advent of antiretroviral drugs (aRV) has changed the natural history of the disease, through improving
patients’ survival. This could therefore expose those patients to cardiovascular risks. The aim of this study
was to describe the epidemiological, clinical, para-clinical and progressive aspects of cardiovascular diseases
in hiV infection, and point out public health implications. it was a retrospective study, performed from
January 1st to March 31st 2015. we enrolled 91 patients with clinical abnormalities and/or cardiovascular
risk factors suggesting a cardiovascular disease from Yalgado ouédraogo university hospital of ouagadougou,
Burkina Faso. The condition was confirmed through cardiologic investigations. Mean age of patients having
a cardiovascular disease associated with hiV infection, was 45 ± 10 years with extremes of 20 and 83 years.
Females accounted for 53 (58.24%) with a sex ratio of 0.7. People with low socioeconomic level 56%.
Congestive heart failure was the main cardiovascular clinical presentation (28.57%). Major signs were
dyspnoea, chest pain, cough, tachycardia and painful swollen leg. Cardiovascular manifestations were various,
and thromboembolic diseases were the most represented (48.35%). Myocardial lesions (17.59%), pericardial
lesions (15.39%) and endocardial lesions (12.09%) were reported in their respective proportions. about
3.30% patients living with hiV and under aRV treatment and having myocardial infarction () were identified.
in-hospital mortality was 14.29%. Regarding their frequency, the mortality rate, and for early
management, cardiovascular diseases during hiV infection could be various clinical forms. hence, there
is a need for a good knowledge related to this issue by medical and paramedical staff in order to contribute
for reducing it lethality.