Spatial distribution of Microsporidia MB infection in Anopheles gambiae and Anopheles coluzzii in three different ecoclimatic area in Burkina Faso
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.64707/revstss.v49i1.2243Keywords:
Anopheles gambiae s.l., Microsporidia MB, Infection, Burkina FasoAbstract
Introduction: In sub-saharan Africa, malaria control faces significant challenges due to increasing vector resistance, highlighting the need for innovative approaches. Symbiotic microorganisms associated with mosquitoes are being explored as potential tools to reduce vector competence. Among these, Microsporidia MB has emerged as a promising candidate. This study aims to investigate the natural occurrence of Microsporidia MB infection in Anopheles (An.) gambiae sensu lato (s.l.)
Methodology: We screened An. gambiae s.l. collected in the field in 2021 across 14 sites covering different ecoclimatic areas in Burkina Faso. Molecular identification of species within the Anopheles gambiae complex, as well as detection of Microsporidia MB infection, was performed using PCR.
Results: A total of 1,176 DNA samples were screened, including 337, 424, and 415 samples from the Sahel, Sudan–Sahel, and Sudan ecoclimatic zones, respectively. Three species of the Anopheles gambiae complex were identified: An. coluzzii, An. gambiae and An. arabiensis. In the Sahel and Sudan–Sahel area, An. coluzzii was the predominant species, with 97.62% and 83.37% of specimens, respectively. In contrast, An. gambiae was more frequently identified in the Sudan ecoclimatic area (58.25%). The highest Microsporidia MB infection rate was observed in Anopheles mosquitoes from the Sudan-Sahel zone (9.8%) followed by the Sahelian (7.12%) and Sudan (3.77%) zones. The prevalence of Microsporidia MB infection varied among species, with rates of 7.8% in An. coluzzii, 5% in An. gambiae and 0% in An. arabiensis.
Conclusion: This study revealed a widespread distribution of Microsporidia MB among Anopheles gambiae s.l. species in Burkina Faso, with a higher prevalence in the Sudan–Sahel ecozone and no infection was found in An. arabiensis
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