Dynamics of Streptococcus pneumoniae meningitis in a context of vaccine pressure in Burkina Faso
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.64707/revstss.v48i2.2002Keywords:
Streptococcus pneumoniae, Bacterial meningitis, Vaccination, Burkina FasoAbstract
Introduction : Streptococcus pneumoniae remains one of the major agents responsible for acute bacterial meningitis (ABM) in Burkina Faso. This study aims to describe the dynamics of circulating pneumococcal serotypes in a context of vaccination pressure.
Methodology: This is a retrospective cross-sectional study conducted over eight years (2014–2021), corresponding to the post-vaccination period. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from case-by-case meningitis surveillance were analyzed at the Yalgado Ouédraogo University Hospital for cytobacteriological examination (using trans-isolate media) and molecular diagnosis (using cryotubes).
Results: Of the 5,506 CSF samples analyzed, 28.8% were PCR-positive. Positivity increased with leukorrhea, from 8.1% for <10 cells/mm³ to 70.5% for ≥200 cells/mm³. S. pneumoniae was responsible for 62.3% of MBA, followed by Neisseria meningitidis (28%) and Haemophilus influenzae (9.7%). The average frequency of pneumococcal meningitis was 17.9%, down from 19.1% (2014) to 14.5% (2021). Serotypes included in the PCV13 vaccine accounted for 70.8%, dominated by serotype 1 (75.4%). Non-PCV13 serotypes accounted for 16.1%, mainly 12F/12A/12B/44/46 (65.5%).
Conclusion : Pneumococcal meningitis remains a burden in Burkina Faso. The fight against pneumococcal meningitis is a dynamic phenomenon in view of the epidemiology of circulating serotypes.
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