Etat des connaissances sur l’infection à Wolbachia chez Anopheles gambiae s.l. et perspectives émergentes avec Microsporidia MB : revue systématique
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.64707/revstss.v49i1.1983Keywords:
Paludisme, Anopheles gambiae s.l., Microsporidia MB, Wolbachia, stabilité, Burkina FasoAbstract
Le paludisme demeure un problème majeur de santé publique en Afrique subsaharienne, avec Anopheles gambiae s.l. comme principal vecteur. L’objectif de cette étude était de faire l’état des lieux des infections à Wolbachia et à Microsporidia MB chez An. gambiae s.l., ainsi que d’examiner les perspectives d’une utilisation combinée de ces symbiotes pour le contrôle vectoriel. Il s’agit d’une revue systématique des données disponibles dans Google Scholar et PubMed selon les directives PRISMA, sans restriction temporelle. La recherche a initialement identifié 7 744 publications, dont 42 articles ont été retenus après application des critères d’inclusion. Les résultats montrent que la présence naturelle de Wolbachia chez An. gambiae s.l. est rare (prévalence variant de moins de 1 % à 25 %), instable et n’induit pas d’incompatibilité cytoplasmique (IC). Les infections artificielles avec des souches induisant l’IC telles que wAlbB, wMelPop ou wPip ont été partiellement réussies mais demeurent instables sur plusieurs générations. Les données sur les interactions entre symbiotes chez les insectes suggèrent que la co-infection avec Microsporidia MB, connue pour sa stabilité et son effet inhibiteur sur Plasmodium, pourrait contribuer à renforcer la persistance et la stabilité de Wolbachia chez le moustique. Parmi les souches de Wolbachia étudiées, wAnD, wPip et wRi semblent les plus prometteuses pour induire une IC stable chez An. gambiae s.l. Des recherches expérimentales restent toutefois nécessaires pour valider l’efficacité de cette co-infection en conditions réelles.
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