Toxicological assessment of the essential oil of Cymbopogon citratus Stapf from Burkina Faso for its use in insecticidal formulation
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.64707/revstss.v48i2.1968Abstract
ABSTRACT
Cymbopogon citratus S. is an aromatic perennial plant traditionally used to treat cough, fever, pain, inflammation and as a mosquito repellant. To determine the risks to human health associated with the use of essential oils (EO) from this plant for the formulation of biopesticides, toxicological studies were carried out. Acute and subacute oral toxicities of these oils were evaluated in Wistar rats, respectively, according to the guidelines 423 and 407 of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). These oils' skin and eye irritancy were determined in rabbits following OECD guidelines 405 and 404. During acute oral toxicity testing, no treatment-related changes were observed during the study period. The 50% lethal dose (LD50) was estimated to be 5,000 mg/kg, showing that EO was practically non-toxic. In the subacute toxicity tests, biochemical analyses performed at the end of the study showed increased ALT, Creatinine, total protein and blood sugar at 500 and 1000 mg / kg in both sexes. The determination of the irritant powers showed that the plant's essential oils are mildly irritating to the eyes and the skin.
In conclusion, the plant's essential oils do not exhibit oral toxicity in acute administration but low oral toxicity in subacute administration at higher doses. In addition, they are mildly irritating to the eyes and the skin. Skin-to-mucous contact should be avoided when used in a biopesticide formulation.
KEYWORDS: Cymbopogon citratus, Wistar rats, rabbits, essential oil, toxicity, irritation.
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