Epidemiology and risk factors for Human Rhinovirus infections and severe outcomes in Burkina Faso: A cross-sectional analysis of sentinel surveillance data, 2016-2019

Authors

  • Abdoul Kader ILBOUDO 1. Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSS/CNRST), Département de biologie médicale et santé publique, Laboratoire National de Référence-Grippes et autres pathologies respiratoires, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso ; 03 BP 7047 Ouagadougou https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7241-5182
  • Benjamin Wendlassida Ousmane KABORÉ Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSS/CNRST), Département de biologie médicale et santé publique, Laboratoire National de Référence-Grippes et autres pathologies respiratoires, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso ; 03 BP 7047 Ouagadougou
  • Madi SAVADOGO 1. Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSS/CNRST), Département de biologie médicale et santé publique, Laboratoire National de Référence-Grippes et autres pathologies respiratoires, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso ; 03 BP 7047 Ouagadougou 2.4. Direction de la Santé Animale, Ministère de l’Agriculture, des Ressources Animales et Halieutiques, Burkina Faso; 5. Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals and Health (FARAH), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liege, Belgium
  • Assana CISSÉ 1. Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSS/CNRST), Département de biologie médicale et santé publique, Laboratoire National de Référence-Grippes et autres pathologies respiratoires, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso ; 03 BP 7047 Ouagadougou
  • Hamed Sidwaya OUEDRAOGO Direction de la protection de la santé de la population, Ministère de la santé, Burkina Faso
  • Bachirou TINTO 1. Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSS/CNRST), Département de biologie médicale et santé publique, Laboratoire National de Référence-Grippes et autres pathologies respiratoires, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso ; 03 BP 7047 Ouagadougou
  • Jean Bienvenue OUOBA 3. Unité de Formation et de Recherche en Sciences de la Vie et de la Terre(UFR-SVT), Département de Biochimie Microbiologie, Centre Universitaire de Manga, Burkina Faso
  • Cathérine SAWADOGO 1. Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSS/CNRST), Département de biologie médicale et santé publique, Laboratoire National de Référence-Grippes et autres pathologies respiratoires, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso ; 03 BP 7047 Ouagadougou
  • Grissoum TARNAGDA 1. Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSS/CNRST), Département de biologie médicale et santé publique, Laboratoire National de Référence-Grippes et autres pathologies respiratoires, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso ; 03 BP 7047 Ouagadougou
  • Ezéchiel Wendinda OUEDRAOGO Centre Hospitalier Régional de Kaya
  • Serge Potiandi DIAGBOUGA 1. Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSS/CNRST), Département de biologie médicale et santé publique, Laboratoire National de Référence-Grippes et autres pathologies respiratoires, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso ; 03 BP 7047 Ouagadougou
  • Zékiba TARNAGDA 1. Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSS/CNRST), Département de biologie médicale et santé publique, Laboratoire National de Référence-Grippes et autres pathologies respiratoires, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso ; 03 BP 7047 Ouagadougou

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.64707/revstss.v48i2.1932

Keywords:

Human rhinovirus, Severe acute respiratory infections, severe outcomes, risk factors, Burkina Faso

Abstract

ABSTRACT

Background

Human rhinovirus (HRV), traditionally recognised as the primary cause of the common cold, has emerged as a significant contributor to severe lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs), including bronchiolitis and pneumonia. We aimed to identify factors associated with HRV infection and HRV infection with severe outcomes using Burkina Faso country-wide Severe Acute Respiratory Infections (SARI) data.  

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted from October 2016 to April 2019, using data from four hospitals in Burkina Faso that were enrolled in the SARI sentinel surveillance program. Children and adult patients fulfilling the 2014 WHO SARI definition (acute respiratory infection with fever (≥38°C) and cough within 10 days requiring hospitalisation) were included, with specimens collected and tested for HRV and other pathogens using multiplex real-time RT-PCR. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory data were analysed using descriptive statistics and logistic regression to identify predictors of HRV infection and severity.​

Results

Among 1,540 enrolled patients, children under four years comprised the majority (49.3%). Most participants were from rural areas, with a predominance of male enrollment. HRV prevalence ranged from 29.8% to 38.1% in different sentinel sites. Young age, urban residency, early consultation, chronic conditions, and viral-bacterial coinfections were independently associated with a higher risk of HRV infection. Severe outcomes were significantly related to site location, specific viral and bacterial coinfections, especially with Adenovirus, Haemophilus influenzae, Haemophilus influenzaetype b, and any bacterial coinfection. Influenza A and viral coinfection alone appeared protective against severe outcomes.​

Conclusion

HRV represents an important etiologic agent of SARIs in Burkina Faso. Identifying demographic and clinical predictors such as young age, coinfection status, and geographical patterns can guide targeted interventions and improve outcomes in high-risk populations, especially in resource-limited settings.​

Keywords

Human rhinovirus, Severe acute respiratory infections, severe outcomes, risk factors, Burkina Faso, coinfection, sentinel surveillance

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Published

2025-12-31

How to Cite

ILBOUDO, . A. K. . ., KABORÉ , B. W. O. ., SAVADOGO, M. ., CISSÉ, A., OUEDRAOGO, H. S., TINTO, B. ., OUOBA, J. B., SAWADOGO, C. ., TARNAGDA, G., OUEDRAOGO, E. W. ., DIAGBOUGA, S. P. ., & TARNAGDA, Z. (2025). Epidemiology and risk factors for Human Rhinovirus infections and severe outcomes in Burkina Faso: A cross-sectional analysis of sentinel surveillance data, 2016-2019. Sciences De La Santé, 48(2), 55–78. https://doi.org/10.64707/revstss.v48i2.1932

Issue

Vol. 48 No. 2 (2025): (2) juillet-décembre

Section

Articles

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