Prevalence of Malnutrition Among Older Adults in Geriatric Short-Stay Units in Senegal: A Concerning Reality.

Abstract

Background: Malnutrition is a prevalent issue among hospitalized older adults, associated with increased morbidity and mortality. However, data on malnutrition among hospitalized older adults in sub-Saharan Africa remain limited.
Objectives: To determine the prevalence of malnutrition, associated risk factors, and the impact of malnutrition on mortality among older patients hospitalized in a geriatric unit in Senegal.
Methods: A retrospective study was conducted at the Department of Geriatrics and Gerontology of the Fann National University Hospital Center in Dakar, Senegal. The study included patients aged 60 years and older, hospitalized between September 2022 and March 2023. Malnutrition was defined as a Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) score < 17.
Results: Out of 192 patients included, 100 (52.1%) were malnourished. The mean age was 77.98 ± 8.52 years, with a female predominance (sex ratio: 0.82). Risk factors for malnutrition were advanced age (p = 0.012), living alone (p = 0.018), polypharmacy (p = 0.031), and multimorbidity (p = 0.024). The mortality rate was 22%, significantly associated with hypoalbuminemia (p = 0.043) and multimorbidity (p = 0.007).
Conclusion: Malnutrition is highly prevalent among older patients hospitalized in a geriatric unit in Senegal. Advanced age, living alone, polypharmacy, and multimorbidity are significant risk factors. Early screening and nutritional management are crucial for this vulnerable population.