Spatial distribution of Microsporidia MB infection in Anopheles gambiae s.l. in three different ecoclimatic areas in Burkina Faso
DOI :
https://doi.org/10.64707/revstss.v49i1.2243Mots-clés :
Anopheles gambiae s.l., Microsporidia MB, Infection, ecoclimatic, Burkina FasoRésumé
Introduction. In sub-saharan Africa, malaria control faces significant challenges due to the increasing vector resistance, highlighting the need for innovative approaches. Symbiotic microorganisms associated with mosquitoes are being explored as potential tools to reduce vector competence. Among these microorganisms, Microsporidia MB has emerged as a promising candidate. This study aims to investigate the natural occurrence of Microsporidia MB infection in Anopheles (An.) gambiae sensu lato (s.l.)
Methodology. We screened An. gambiae s.l. collected in the field in 2021 across 14 sites covering different ecoclimatic areas in Burkina Faso. Molecular identification of species within the Anopheles gambiae complex, as well as detection of Microsporidia MB infection, was performed using PCR.
Results. A total of 1,176 DNA samples of An. gambiae s.l. were screened, including 337, 424, and 415 samples from the Sahelian, Sudano-Sahelian, and Sudanian ecoclimatic zones, respectively. Three species of the Anopheles gambiae complex were identified: An. coluzzii, An. gambiae and An. arabiensis. In the Sahelian and Sudano-Sahelian zone, An. coluzzii was the predominant species, with 97.62% and 83.37% of specimens, respectively. In contrast, An. gambiae was more frequently identified in the Sudanian ecoclimatic zone (58.25%). The highest Microsporidia MB infection rate was observed in Anopheles mosquitoes from the Sudano-Sahelian zone (9.8%) followed by the Sahelian (7.12%) and Sudanian (3.77%) zones. The prevalence of Microsporidia MB infection varied among species, with rates of 7.8% in An. coluzzii, 5% in An. gambiae and 0% in An. arabiensis.
Conclusion. This study revealed a widespread distribution of Microsporidia MB among Anopheles gambiae s.l. species in Burkina Faso. The absence of Microsporidia MB infection in An. arabiensis observed in our study may be attributable to the relatively small number (29) of An. arabiensis specimens included in our sample.
Références
WHO. World malaria report 2025 [Internet]. 2025 [consulté 10 avril 2026]. Disponible sur: https://www.who.int/teams/global-malaria-programme/reports/world-malaria-report-2025
N’Do S, Bandibabone JB, Soma DD, Musaka BZ, Prudhomme J, Habamungu CC, et al. Insecticide resistance profiles in malaria vector populations from Sud-Kivu in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1 nov 2021;115(11):1339‑44. doi:10.1093/trstmh/trab116 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/trstmh/trab116
Soma DD, Zogo B, Hien DF de S, Hien AS, Kaboré DA, Kientega M, et al. Insecticide resistance status of malaria vectors Anopheles gambiae (s.l.) of southwest Burkina Faso and residual efficacy of indoor residual spraying with microencapsulated pirimiphos-methyl insecticide. Parasit Vectors. déc 2021;14(1):58. doi:10.1186/s13071-020-04563-8 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-020-04563-8
White NJ, Chotivanich K. Artemisinin-resistant malaria. Clin Microbiol Rev. 10 déc 2024;37(4):e0010924. doi:10.1128/cmr.00109-24 PubMed PMID: 39404268; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC11629630. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1128/cmr.00109-24
Bilgo E, Lovett B, St Leger RJ, Sanon A, Dabiré RK, Diabaté A. Native entomopathogenic Metarhizium spp. from Burkina Faso and their virulence against the malaria vector Anopheles coluzzii and non-target insects. Parasit Vectors. 27 mars 2018;11(1):209. doi:10.1186/s13071-018-2796-6 PubMed PMID: 29587876; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5870526. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-018-2796-6
Herren JK, Mbaisi L, Mararo E, Makhulu EE, Mobegi VA, Butungi H, et al. A microsporidian impairs Plasmodium falciparum transmission in Anopheles arabiensis mosquitoes. Nat Commun. déc 2020;11(1):2187. doi:10.1038/s41467-020-16121-y DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-16121-y
Traore KD, Sare I, Namountougou M, Diabate A, Bilgo E. Symbioses microbiennes et contrôle du paludisme : synthèse systématique des agents inhibiteurs du Plasmodium chez Anopheles. Sci Santé. 31 déc 2025;48(2):317‑38. doi:10.64707/revstss.v48i2.1985 DOI: https://doi.org/10.64707/revstss.v48i2.1985
Akorli J, Akorli EA, Tetteh SNA, Amlalo GK, Opoku M, Pwalia R, et al. Microsporidia MB is found predominantly associated with Anopheles gambiae s.s and Anopheles coluzzii in Ghana. Sci Rep. déc 2021;11(1):18658. doi:10.1038/s41598-021-98268-2 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-98268-2
Moustapha LM, Sadou IM, Arzika II, Maman LI, Gomgnimbou MK, Konkobo M, et al. First identification of Microsporidia MB in Anopheles coluzzii from Zinder City, Niger. Parasit Vectors. 29 janv 2024;17(1):39. doi:10.1186/s13071-023-06059-7 10. Tchigossou G, Lontsi-Demano M, Tossou E, Sovegnon PM, Akoton R, Adanzounon D, et al. Seasonal variation of Microsporidia MB infection in Anopheles gambiae and Anopheles coluzzii in two different geographical localities in Benin. Malar J. 23 mars 2025;24(1):95. doi:10.1186/s12936-025-05247-3 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-025-05247-3
Millogo SA, Bilgo E, Saré I, Lamy DL, Gnambani EJ, Konkobo M, et al. Transgenerational and Sexual Auto-Dissemination withinAnopheles Mosquitoes of the Malaria Parasite Transmission Blocking Microsporidia Sp MB in Burkina Faso. Adv Biosci Biotechnol. 2024;15(11):655‑73. doi:10.4236/abb.2024.1511041 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4236/abb.2024.1511041
Balima LH, Nacoulma BMI, Da SS, Ouédraogo A, Soro D, Thiombiano A. Impacts of climate change on the geographic distribution of African oak tree (Afzelia africana Sm.) in Burkina Faso, West Africa. Heliyon. janv 2022;8(1):e08688. doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08688 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08688
Mugford S, Wouters R, C Mathers T, Hogenhout S. High quality DNA extraction from very small individual insects v1 [Internet]. 2020 [consulté 12 avril 2026]. Disponible sur: https://www.protocols.io/view/high-quality-dna-extraction-from-very-small-indivi-bg6wjzfe doi:10.17504/protocols.io.bg6wjzfe DOI: https://doi.org/10.17504/protocols.io.bg6wjzfe
Santolamazza F, Mancini E, Simard F, Qi Y, Tu Z, della Torre A. Insertion polymorphisms of SINE200 retrotransposons within speciation islands of Anopheles gambiae molecular forms. Malar J. déc 2008;7(1):163. doi:10.1186/1475-2875-7-163 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1475-2875-7-163
Traoré A, Badolo A, Guelbeogo MW, Sanou A, Viana M, Nelli L, et al. Anopheline species composition and the 1014F-genotype in different ecological settings of Burkina Faso in relation to malaria transmission. Malar J. déc 2019;18(1):165. doi:10.1186/s12936-019-2789-8 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-019-2789-8
Zongo ON, Kiendrebeogo E, Sow BBD, Kientega M, Toé I, Sanou R, et al. Spatial Distribution and Biodiversity of Anopheles Mosquito Species Across Climatic Zones in Burkina Faso: Implications for Malaria Vector Control. Trop Med Infect Dis. 19 déc 2025;11(1):1. doi:10.3390/tropicalmed11010001 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed11010001
Dabiré RK, Namountougou M, Sawadogo SP, Yaro LB, Toé HK, Ouari A, et al. Population dynamics of Anopheles gambiae s.l. in Bobo-Dioulasso city: bionomics, infection rate and susceptibility to insecticides. Parasit Vectors. 21 juin 2012;5:127. doi:10.1186/1756-3305-5-127 PubMed PMID: 22721002; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3424103. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1756-3305-5-127
Soma DD, Zogo BM, Somé A, Tchiekoi BN, Hien DF de S, Pooda HS, et al. Anopheles bionomics, insecticide resistance and malaria transmission in southwest Burkina Faso: A pre-intervention study. Chitnis N, éditeur. PLOS ONE. 3 août 2020;15(8):e0236920. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0236920 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0236920
Carnevale P, Robert V. Les anophèles: biologie, transmission du Plasmodium et lutte antivectorielle. IRD éditions; 2017.
Awolola TS, Okwa O, Hunt RH, Ogunrinade AF, Coetzee M. Dynamics of the malaria-vector populations in coastal Lagos, south–western Nigeria. Ann Trop Med Parasitol. janv 2002;96(1):75‑82. doi:10.1179/000349802125000538 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1179/000349802125000538
Téléchargements
Publiée
Comment citer
Numéro
Rubrique
Licence
(c) Tous droits réservés Sciences de la Santé 2026
Ce travail est disponible sous la licence Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International .
