Effets d’incorporation de l’huile de Lannea microcarpa dans l’aliment sur la croissance et la composition biochimique de la chair du tilapia du Nil (Oreochromis niloticus)
Mots-clés :
Tilapia du Nil, Lannea microcarpa, huile, incorporation,, croissance.Résumé
Cette étude détermine les effets de l’huile de L. microcarpa dans l’aliment sur la
croissance et la composition de la chair du tilapia du Nil. Ainsi, 5 aliments iso-
protéiques ont été formulés et utilisés comme traitements. Cette huile a été incluse
dans l’aliment à 0%, 2%, 4%, 6% et 8%, notés R0, HL2, HL4, HL6 et HL8,
respectivement. Chaque traitement a été répété trois fois. Les poissons (6,04±0,2g)
sont stockés dans des cages submergées dans un bac en fibre de verre (10m3) à 15
alevins /cages et nourris pendant 8 semaines. Les données ont été soumises à une
analyse de variance (ANOVA) à un facteur en utilisant le logiciel R. Les résultats
indiquent des poids moyen final, gain en poids, gain moyen quotidien et taux de
croissance spécifique plus élevés chez les poissons du traitement R0. Des taux de
conversion alimentaire ont été plus élevés chez les poissons des traitements HL6 et
HL8. Concernant la composition biochimique, les poissons nourris avec R0 ont
présenté les teneurs élevées en matière sèche (97%), lipides (15%) et énergie (392
Kcal/100g) tandis que ceux du traitement HL2 avaient la teneur protéique plus élevée
(64%). On note que des coefficients d’efficacité protéique et valeur productive
protéique étaient plus faibles chez les poissons des traitements à teneurs élevées
d’huile. Le taux de croissance protéique (1,93%) le plus élevé a été observé chez les
poissons du traitement R0 et celui-ci décroit avec l’augmentation du niveau
d’inclusion de l’huile. En définitive, l’huile de L. microcarpa ne présente pas d’effet
positif sur la croissance des poissons mais une inclusion de 2% dans l’aliment a permis
d’améliorer la teneur en protéine de la chair.
Références
Am, S. Am, O. Soe, S. and Gg, B., 2023. Growth performance, nutrient utilization and survival rate of Clarias gariepinus fed varied inclusion of processed Moringa oleifera diets. International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Studies, 11 (1), 36-40. https://doi.org/10.22271/fish.2023.v11.i1a.2768.
Apraku, A. Liu, L. Leng, X. Rupia, E. J. and Ayisi, C. L., 2017. Evaluation of blended virgin coconut oil and fish oil on growth performance and resistance to Streptococcus iniae challenge of Nile tilapia (O. niloticus). Egyptian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 4 (3), 175-184. https://doi10.1016/j.ejbas.2017.06.002
Ayisi, C.L. Zhao, J. and Rupia, E.J., 2017. Growth performance, feed utilization, body and fatty acid composition of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fed diets containing elevated levels of palm oil. Aquaculture and Fisheries,2 (2), 67-77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aaf.2017.02.001
Ayisi, C.L. Zhao, J. and Apraku, A., 2019. Consequences of replacing fish oil with vegetable oils in fish. Journal of Animal Research and Nutrition, 4 (1),1-11. https://doi.org/10.21767/2572-5459.100053
Azaza, M.S. Dhraïef, M.N. and Kraïem, M.M., 2008. Effects of water temperature on growth and sex ratio of juvenile Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus) reared in geothermal waters in southern Tunisia. Journal of Thermal Biology, 33 (2), 98-105.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtherbio.2007.05.007
Azevedo, R.V. Tonini, W. C.T. and Braga, L. G. T., 2013. Palm oil and palm kernel cake in diets for juvenile Nile tilapia. Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira, 48 (8),1028-1034. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-204X2013000800031
Bazongo, P. Bassole, N.H.I. Nielsen, S. Dicko, M.H. and Shukla, V.K.S., 2014. Studies in the Evaluation of Unconventional Oils from Burkina Faso Rich in Linoleic Acid, Oleic Acid or Other Unusual Fatty Acids. Journal of Food Processing and Technology, 5 (2), 303-307. doi :10.4172/2157-7110.1000303.
El-Marakby, M., 2006. Effect of dietary sources and levels of lipids on growth performance and feed utilization of fry Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L.) (Teleostei: Perciformes). Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 1(2), 117-125. https://doi.org/10.3923/jfas.2006.117.125
Erondu, E.S. Akpoilih, B.U. and John, F.S., 2021. Total replacement of dietary fish oil with vegetable lipid sources influenced growth performance, whole body composition, and protein retention in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fingerlings. Journal of Applied Aquaculture, 33,1-20. https://doi.org/10.1080/10454438.2021.1960230
Falahatkar, B. Asheri, S. Safarpour Amlashi, A. and Ershad, L.H., 2018. Canola oil, as a good alternative dietary lipid source in sturgeon: Effects on growth, physiology and fatty acid profile in Beluga sturgeon Huso huso L. Aquaculture Nutrition, 24 (4),1263-1273. https://doi.org/10.1111/anu.12664
FAO., 2024. In Brief to The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture 2024. Blue Transformation in action. Rome, Italy. 40p https://doi.org/10.4060/cd0690en
Fayza, E. A., 2007. Effect of Dietary Oil Sources and Levels on Growth, Feed Utilization and Whole-Body Chemical Composition of Common Carp, Cyprinus carpio L. Fingerlings. Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science, 2 (2), 140-148. https://doi.org/10.3923/jfas.2007.140.148
Fry, J. P. Love, D. C. MacDonald, G. K. West, P. C. Engstrom, P. M. Nachman, K. E. and Lawrence, R. S., 2016. Environmental health impacts of feeding crops to farmed fish. Environment International, 91, 201-214. https://doi10.1016/j.envint.2016.02.022.
Gao, W. Liu, Y.J. Tian, L.X. Mai, K.S. Liang, G.Y. Yang, H.J. Huai, M.Y. and Luo, W.J., 2011. Protein-sparing capability of dietary lipid in herbivorous and omnivorous freshwater finfish: a comparative case study on grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) and tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus x O. aureus). Aquaculture Nutrition, 17 (1), 2-12. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2095.2009.00698.x
Glew, R.H. VanderJagt, D.J. Lockett, C. Grivetti, L.E. Smith, G.C. Pastuszyn, A.J. and Millson, M., 1997. Amino acid, fatty acid, and mineral composition of 24 indigenous plants of Burkina Faso. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 10 (3), 205-217. https://doi.org/10.1006/jfca.1997.0539
Ghanawei, J. Roy, L. Davis, D. A. and Saoud, I. P., 2011. Effects of dietary lipid levels on growth performance of marbled spinefoot rabbitfish Siganus rivulatus. Aquaculture, 310 (3), 395-400. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2010.11.012
Güler, M. and Yildiz, M., 2011. Effects of dietary fish oil replacement by cottonseed oil on growth performance and fatty acid composition of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Turkish Journal of Veterinary and Animal, 35 (3), 157-167.https://10.3906/vet-1002-252
Hua, K. Cobcroft, J.M. Cole, A. Condon, K. Jerry, D.R. Mangott, A. Praeger, C. Vucko, M.J. Zeng, C. Zenger, K. and Strugnell J. M., 2019. The Future of Aquatic Protein: Implications for Protein Sources in Aquaculture Diets. One Earth, 1(3), 316-329. https://DOI:10.1016/j.oneear.2019.10.018
INSD., 2022. Cinquième recensement général de la population et de l’habitation : Monographie de la région du plateau central. Institut national de la statistique et de la démographie, 141p.
ISO., 2020. Oilseeds-Determination of moisture and volatile matter content. 3 ed. Switzerland: ISO, 5p.
https://standards.iteh.ai/catalog/standards/sist/caf9695f-bca8-4bb8-afee ba613cdbf714/iso-665-2020
ISO., 2013. Cereals and Pulses-Determination of the nitrogen content and calculation of the crude protein content-Kjeldahl method. 2 ed. Switzerland: ISO, 7p. https://standards.iteh.ai/catalog/standards/sist/86350c42-b475-427b-b7b5-5a5772ed21cd/iso-20483-2013
ISO.,1998. Oilseeds-Determination of oil content (Reference method). 2 ed. Switzerland: ISO, 7p.
https://standards.iteh.ai/catalog/standards/sist/5-fd9caa-3894-4b89-9df8e1a1588ef505/iso-659-1998
ISO.,2023. Cereals, pulses and by-Products-Determination of ash yield by incineration. 5 ed. Switzerland: ISO, 6p. https://standards.iteh.ai/catalog/standards/sist/17c3a5fc-f654-43a9-b7ed-c8302f5ab3f0/iso2171-2023
Johansen, K.A. and Overturf, K., 2006. Alterations in expression of genes associated with muscle metabolism and growth during nutritional restriction and re-feeding in rainbow trout. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B: Biochemistry and molecular biology, 144 (1), 119-127. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpb.2006.02.001
John, R. Haetami K. Rosidah and Iskanda., 2022. Effet of addition of soybean oil, coconut oil and corn oil to commercial feed on the growth of red tilapia (Orechromis niloticus). Asian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Research, 19 (2), 6-11. https://doi.org/10.9734/ajfar/2022/v19i230469.
Kestemont, P. Micha, J.C. et Falter, U., 1989. Méthodes de production d'alevins de Tilapia nilotica. ADCP/ Rep/ 89/ 46. Rome: FAO, 132p. http://www.fao.org/docrep/t8655f/t8655f00.htm
Kim, L.O. and Lee, S.M., 2005. Effects of the dietary protein and lipid levels on growth and body composition of bagrid catfish, Pseudobagrus fulvidraco. Aquaculture, 243 (1), 323-329.
Lacroix, E., 2004. Pisciculture en Zone Tropicale. Hamburg, Allemagne, GTZ & GFA Terra Systems, 223p. https://reca-niger.org/IMG/pdf/Manuel_pisciculture_GTZ.pdf
Lim, C. Aksoy, M. and Klesius, P., 2009. Lipids and fatty acids requirements of tilapia -Dietary supplementation essential for health, reproduction. Global Aquaculture Advocate, 15 (5), 86-87.
Mehrim, A. Refaey, M. Abdehamied, A. and Mekhemr, I., 2024. Impact of craway essential oil on growth, feed utilization, and flesh quality of the Nile Tilapia, Orechromis niloticus. Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries, 28 (1), 1489-1508.
Merill, A.L. and Watt, B.K., 1975. Energy Value of Foods Basis and Derivation. In: Agricultural Handbook No.74.Washington DC:US Government Printing Office, 105p. https://www.ars.usda.gov/ARSUserFiles/80400525/Data/Classics/ah74.pdf
Nguyen, T.M. Tran, T.N.T., 2025. Effects of Dietary Sesame Oil Supplementation on Growth Performance, Feed Utilization, and Fillet Quality in Nile Tilapia. Vietnam Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 8 (1), 2373-2384. https://doi.org/10.31817/vjas.2025.8.1.03
Nobrega, R. O. Corrêa, C. F. Mattioni, B. and Fracaloss, D. M., 2017. Dietary α-linolenic for juvenile Nile tilapia at cold suboptimal temperature. Aquaculture, 471, 66-71.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2016.12.026
NRC.,1993. Nutritional Requirements of Fish. National Academic Press, Washington DC. USA, 114p.
Pei, Z. Xie, S. Lei, W. Zhu, X. and Yang, Y., 2004. Comparative study on the effect of dietary lipid level on growth and feed utilization for gibel carp (Carassius auratus gibelio) and Chinese longsnout catfish (Leiocassis longirostris Gunther). Aquaculture Nutrition, 10 (4), 209-216.
Rebouças, V.T. Lima F.R.D-S. Cavalcante, D.D-H. Sá, M.V.D-C., 2016. Reassessment of the suitable range of water pH for culture of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus L. in eutrophic water. Acta Scientiarum Animal Sciences, 38 (4), 361-368. https://doi.org/10.4025/actascianimsci.v38i4.32051
Rodríguez-Serna, M. Olvera-Novoa, M. A. and Carmona-Osalde, C., 1996. Nutritional value of animal by product meal in practical diets for Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L.) fry. Aquaculture Research, 27 (1), 67-73. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2109.1996.tb00967.x
Sagne, M. Fall, J. Loum, A. Thiaw, I. Ndong, D. Diouf, M. and Sow, D., 2019. Evaluation of the Effects of Different Inclusion Rates of Balanites aegyptiaca Seed Oil on the Growth Performance and Survival of Clarias anguillaris Fries. Aquatic Science and Technology, 7 (1), 42-54. https://doi.org/10.5296/ast.v7i1.14519
Sankian, Z. Khosravi, S. Kim, Y.O. and Lee, S. M., 2019. Total replacement of dietary fish oil with alternative lipid sources in a practical diet for mandarin fish, Siniperca scherzeri, juveniles. Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 22 (8), 1-9. https://doi:10.1186/s41240-019-0123-6.
Sonu, B. Kaur, B. Gurpreet, K.S. Harjit, S.S. and Jasjeet, K.K., 2014. Effects of dietary fish oil substitution with sunflower oil on the survival, growth performance and proximate composition of Cyprinus carpio (linn.) International Journal of Advanced Research, 2 (8), 737-742.
Taşbozan, O. Gökçe, M.A. Erbaş, C. and Özcan, F., 2015. Effect of different concentrations of canola oil in diets on body chemical composition and growth performance of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus, Linnaeus 1758). Pakistan Journal of Zoology, 47 (6), 1761-1769.
Wang, J.T. Liu, Y.J. Tian, L.X. Mai, K.S. Du, Z.Y. Wang, Y. and Yang, H.J., 2005. Effects of dietary lipid level on growth performance, lipid deposition, and hepatic lipogenesis in juvenile cobia (Rachycentron canadum). Aquaculture, 249 (1), 439-447. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2005.04.038
Yunus, M.M. Faruq, U.Z. and Aliero, A.A., 2013. Assessment of Physicochemical Properties of Biodiesel from African Grapes (Lannea microcarpa Engl .& K . Krause). Nigerian Journal of basic and Applied Sciences, 21(2), 127-130. https://doi.org/10.4314/njbas.v21i2.7
Zagré, A.R., 2025. Effets de l’incorporation des huiles de Balanites aegyptiaca et de Lannea microcarpa dans l’aliment sur les performances zootechniques du Tilapia du Nil (Orechromis niloticus). Mémoire d’ingénieur de développement rural, Option mécanisation agricole, Institut de Développement Rural/Université NAZI BONI, Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina Faso. 64p
Zhou, J. Feng, P. Li, Y. Ji, H. and Gisbert, E., 2024. Effects of dietary lipid levels on lipid accumulation and health status of adult Onychostoma macrolepis. Aquaculture and Fisheries, 9 (5), 795-803. https://doi:10.1016/j.aaf.2023.07.008.
