Évaluation de l’activité insecticide de la poudre d’amandes de neem pour la protection des graines de roselle stockées contre Spermophagus niger Motschulsky (Coleoptera : Chrysomelidae) en laboratoire
DOI :
https://doi.org/10.64707/revstsna.v45i01.2200Mots-clés :
Burkina Faso, Spermophagus niger, Hibiscus sabdariffa, insecticides chimiques, Azadirachta indicaRésumé
Au Burkina Faso, la protection des graines d’Hibiscus sabdariffa contre
Spermophagus niger repose principalement sur l’utilisation d’insecticides chimiques,
dont les effets peuvent être néfastes sur l’environnement, la santé humaine et animale.
La présente étude visait à évaluer l’efficacité de la poudre d’amandes de neem
(Azadirachta indica) contre S. niger, ainsi que son potentiel pour la protection des
graines stockées. La poudre, appliquée aux doses de 0,5 ; 1 ; 1,5 et 2 g/10 g de graines,
a été testée sur les adultes, les œufs et les larves néonates. Un essai de stockage de
cinq mois a également permis de comparer l’efficacité de la poudre de neem à celle
de l’ACTELLIC Super Dust, à base de pirimiphos-méthyl. Les résultats ont montré
l’absence d’un effet significatif de la poudre sur la mortalité des adultes. En revanche,
elle a réduit les pontes aux trois dernières doses (F = 18,25 ; P < 0,0001), avec
respectivement 146 ± 18,36 ; 114,13 ± 13,68 et 103,13 ± 9,83, contre 200,5 ± 37,58
dans le témoin. Le taux d’éclosion a également diminué, et aucune larve n’a pénétré
dans les graines traitées. Après le stockage, les indices de perforation étaient de 0,32
et 1,28 % pour 150 et 300 g de poudre/kg de graines, contre 22,40 % pour
l’ACTELLIC. Le pouvoir germinatif des graines n’a pas été affecté (79,95–81,60 % ;
F = 0,08 ; P = 0,9654). Ces résultats constituent une contribution à la recherche
d’alternatives aux pesticides chimiques dans la gestion de S. niger.
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