Comparative study of extracts of Parkia biglobosa (JACQ.) R.BR. EX G. Don (FABACEAE) trunk barks : A plant traditionally used against hemorrhoidal diseases in Burkina Faso

Résumé

Parkia biglobosa (Jacq.) R.Br. ex G. Don (Fabaceae) is a West African medicinal plant used for many therapeutic purposes such as anti-inflammatory, anti-hemorrhoids, antidiarrhea, etc. The present study focused on the standardization of the raw material for the formulation of an anti-hemorrhoidal phytomedicine based on extracts of Parkia biglobosa trunk bark harvested in three localities of Burkina Faso in the dry and rainy seasons. A microbiological quality and physicochemical study were conducted respectively on powder, and extracts. In addition to these parameters, secondary metabolites were determined on extracts from the three localities. For antioxidant potential, tests using DPPH-radical reduction, ABTS+ cation-reducing power, and lipoxygenase inhibition were used to determine which locality provided the plant with the best antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity over both seasons.
The study revealed that the microbiological quality of the powders was acceptable. A residual moisture content was less than 10%, and the extraction yield was between 10.47% and 20.38%. The determination of phenolics compounds gave a high content of total phenolics (minimum = 199.39±4.63 mg/g and maximum = 292.46±0.35 mg/g) with a predominance of tannins (minimum =139.32±0.26 mg/g and maximum = 218.24±0.15 mg/g), especially in Yako locality. Flavonoids were at low levels. ABTS, DPPH, and LOX inhibition tests confirmed the antioxidant activity. These data could therefore constitute a scientific basis for the choice of the raw material in the formulation of a phytomedicine based on the decocted of Parkia biglobosa, in particular the decoction extract plant from Yako in the dry season.